{"id":74812,"date":"2021-02-28T13:05:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-28T12:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cavalor.com\/?post_type=articles&p=74812"},"modified":"2024-10-31T11:09:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T10:09:21","slug":"les-differents-types-de-fourrage-grossier","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/cavalor.com\/fr\/articles\/les-differents-types-de-fourrage-grossier\/","title":{"rendered":"Les diff\u00e9rents types de fourrage grossier"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Le fourrage grossier constitue la base d\u2019une ration saine pour chaque cheval. L\u2019herbe, le foin, la luzerne, la paille, l\u2019ensilage pr\u00e9fan\u00e9, le son, le ma\u00efs et la pulpe de betterave sont tous des exemples de fourrages grossiers. Il s\u2019agit de produits qui n\u2019ont subi aucune ou une seule \u00e9tape de transformation. Vous voulez savoir de quelle quantit\u00e9 de fourrage grossier votre cheval a besoin ? Nous avons \u00e9crit un article \u00e0 ce sujet, vous pouvez le lire ici. Cet article vous en apprendra plus sur tous les types de fourrage.<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
L’herbe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
L’herbe\u202f   <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019herbe fra\u00eeche du pr\u00e9 constitue une ration naturelle pour les chevaux. C\u2019est dans le pr\u00e9 qu\u2019un cheval exprime au mieux son comportement naturel \u2013 manger et bouger. Ainsi, le p\u00e2turage assure \u00e9galement une bonne sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et un bon \u00e9tat mental. Moyennant une bonne gestion, le p\u00e2turage peut constituer une bonne source de fourrage grossier.  La composition de l\u2019herbe varie fortement en fonction des saisons. Au printemps, l\u2019herbe est tr\u00e8s riche en prot\u00e9ines. \u00c0 la fin de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 et en automne, l\u2019herbe contient plus de fibres et moins de prot\u00e9ines.
Attention, lorsque les nuits sont froides (printemps et automne) et les journ\u00e9es assez chaudes, l\u2019herbe contient beaucoup plus de sucres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le foin<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Le foin<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Le foin est un produit d\u2019herbe s\u00e9ch\u00e9e. Le s\u00e9chage permet de conserver l\u2019herbe plus longtemps. De cette fa\u00e7on, elle peut \u00eatre donn\u00e9e au cheval comme fourrage grossier en hiver. La qualit\u00e9 du foin d\u00e9pend de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019herbe et du processus de s\u00e9chage. Id\u00e9alement, le foin a une couleur vert-jaune clair et une odeur fra\u00eeche.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u202f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
L’ensilage pr\u00e9fan\u00e9<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
L\u2019ensilage pr\u00e9fan\u00e9 <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9fan\u00e9 est un produit \u00e0 base d\u2019herbe qui est s\u00e9ch\u00e9 pendant plusieurs jours sur le p\u00e2turage. Il est ensuite conserv\u00e9 par fermentation. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019emballage herm\u00e9tique, les bact\u00e9ries lactiques abaissent le pH, de sorte que les bact\u00e9ries de putr\u00e9faction ne soient pas activ\u00e9es. Une fois l\u2019emballage ouvert, l\u2019ensilage pr\u00e9fan\u00e9 doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 dans les 3 \u00e0 5 jours. Comme l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne y a acc\u00e8s, le processus de putr\u00e9faction commence. Cela peut entra\u00eener la formation de moisissures dans le fourrage grossier. Le pr\u00e9fan\u00e9, adapt\u00e9 aux chevaux, contient entre 55 et 65 % de mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attention : si l\u2019ensilage pr\u00e9fan\u00e9 contient trop peu de mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che (moins de 40 % d\u2019humidit\u00e9), ce processus ne peut pas suffisamment avoir lieu et le risque de moisissures et de mycotoxines dans l\u2019herbe est beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n\u2019est donc PAS vrai que plus le pr\u00e9fan\u00e9 est sec, mieux il se conservera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La luzerne<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
La luzerne<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

La luzerne est une l\u00e9gumineuse tr\u00e8s riche en prot\u00e9ines qui peut \u00eatre r\u00e9colt\u00e9e jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3 ou 4 fois par an. Cette plante riche en fibres peut remplacer une partie du foin dans la ration. Il faut tenir compte du fait que la luzerne est beaucoup plus riche en prot\u00e9ines que le foin ou le pr\u00e9fan\u00e9. Elle ne peut donc pas \u00eatre propos\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re illimit\u00e9e. La luzerne est disponible sous diff\u00e9rentes formes : sous forme de fibres et de granul\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La pulpe de betterave<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
La pulpe de betterave  <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

La pulpe de betterave est \u00e9galement une source de fibres. Un aliment poss\u00e9dant de nombreuses caract\u00e9ristiques positives. La pulpe de betterave est un sous-produit de l\u2019industrie sucri\u00e8re. Au cours du processus de production, le sucre est extrait de la betterave. Ce qui reste poss\u00e8de un taux de sucre faible. Cependant, elle contient toujours des pectines, qui sont b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour la sant\u00e9 intestinale. La pulpe de betterave a une faible teneur en prot\u00e9ines et peut donc \u00eatre combin\u00e9e, par exemple, avec de la luzerne.  Il est tr\u00e8s important de faire tremper la pulpe de betterave dans l\u2019eau. La pulpe de betterave non dissoute peut provoquer un blocage de l\u2019\u0153sophage ou des coliques.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le son<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Le son<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Le son est l\u2019enveloppe qui recouvre le grain de c\u00e9r\u00e9ale. Bien que les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales soient principalement connues comme aliments concentr\u00e9s, l\u2019enveloppe est un produit riche en fibres. Le son peut donc apporter des fibres suppl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 une ration. Cependant, il ne peut pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme seule source de fourrage grossier. Le son, comme les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, est riche en phosphore et pauvre en calcium. Le rapport entre les deux n\u2019est donc pas bon. Cependant, il peut parfaitement \u00eatre associ\u00e9 \u00e0 de la luzerne (riche en calcium et pauvre en phosphore) en compl\u00e9ment du foin.  Le son stimule l\u2019intestin, ce qui est souvent b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour le transit intestinal du cheval. 
Le son humide a un effet laxatif. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La paille<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
La paille<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

La paille est le sous-produit des r\u00e9coltes de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. Apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte \u00e0 la moissonneuse-batteuse des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, il reste encore les hampes florales. Elles sont fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9es comme liti\u00e8re pour les \u00e9curies de chevaux. Cependant, de nombreux chevaux mangent aussi la paille.  La paille n\u2019a pas une grande valeur nutritive, car elle subit un processus de lignification. Elle est donc difficile \u00e0 dig\u00e9rer pour les chevaux. Scientifiquement, on ne sait pas exactement quel type de paille est le meilleur pour les chevaux. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les chevaux pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent la paille de bl\u00e9. Bien que l\u2019app\u00e9tence ne soit pas toujours une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 souhaitable de la paille comme liti\u00e8re.  En raison de sa faible valeur nutritionnelle, elle peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour remplir les intestins sans donner beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9nergie au cheval ni le faire grossir. Cependant, l\u2019absorption d\u2019une trop grande quantit\u00e9 de paille n\u2019est pas bonne pour le cheval non plus, car elle peut entra\u00eener des blocages. Dans ce contexte, il est important que le cheval ait acc\u00e8s en permanence \u00e0 de l\u2019eau potable. Cela favorise le passage de la mati\u00e8re plus s\u00e8che dans le tractus gastro-intestinal. Lorsqu\u2019un cheval mange trop de paille, il est conseill\u00e9 de r\u00e9\u00e9valuer la ration. En donnant un peu de foin suppl\u00e9mentaire, on r\u00e9duit la consommation excessive de paille. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conseil : le foin est-il trop riche en \u00e9nergie et\/ou en prot\u00e9ines ? Alors, m\u00e9langez-y un peu de paille pour \u00e9viter que votre cheval n\u2019absorbe trop de calories<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le ma\u00efs<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Le ma\u00efs\u202f <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Le ma\u00efs pur est souvent donn\u00e9 aux chevaux trop maigres, mais on oublie tout aussi souvent qu\u2019il est tr\u00e8s difficile \u00e0 dig\u00e9rer pour le cheval et tr\u00e8s riche en amidon (qui se transforme en sucre dans l\u2019organisme). Le ma\u00efs non dig\u00e9r\u00e9 passe alors dans le gros intestin et peut provoquer des coliques gazeuses. En outre, il existe un risque d\u2019acidification, de r\u00e9duction de l\u2019absorption des nutriments et de probl\u00e8mes digestifs. L\u2019ensilage de ma\u00efs est souvent donn\u00e9 aux jeunes chevaux parce qu\u2019il est bon march\u00e9. Cependant, ce n\u2019est pas un bon aliment pour les jeunes chevaux car il contient trop peu de prot\u00e9ines, trop d\u2019amidon et pr\u00e9sente un important d\u00e9ficit en min\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le fourrage grossier constitue la base d\u2019une ration saine pour chaque cheval. L\u2019herbe, le foin, la luzerne, la paille, l\u2019ensilage pr\u00e9fan\u00e9, le son, le ma\u00efs et la pulpe de betterave sont tous des exemples de fourrages grossiers. Il s\u2019agit de produits qui n\u2019ont subi aucune ou une seule \u00e9tape de transformation. Vous voulez savoir de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1009,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","main-structure":[],"reference-activation":[],"search-archive":[493],"bezorgdheden":[264,268],"general-category":[407,415],"_hot_topics":[435],"class_list":["post-74812","articles","type-articles","status-publish","hentry","_hot_topics-nutrition"],"yoast_head":"\nCavalor articles - Read more about nutrition and health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ruwvoer is de basis van een gezond rantsoen voor ieder paard. 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